A biased coin with probability p, 0 < p < 1, of heads is tossed until a head appears for the first time. If the probability that the number of tosses required is even is 2/5, then p =........
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Let X denote the number of tosses required.
Then P(x = r) = (1 − P)r − 1 P; r = 1, 2, 3....
Let E denote the event that the number of tosses required is even. Then,
P(E) = P{(x = 2) U (x = 4) U (x = 6) U...}
= P(x = 2) + P(x = 4) + P(x = 6) +....
= p(1 − p) + p(1 − p)3 + p(1 − p)5 +..
As we are given that , we get
5(1 – p) = 2(2 – p)
⇒ 1 – 3p = 0
⇒
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