Engineering
Mathematics
Tangent and Normal to Circle

Question

A tangent PT is drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at the point P  (3,1) .  A straight line L, perpendicular to PT is a tangent to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1.

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Linked Question 1

A common tangent of the two circles is

 x+22y=6

y = 2

x = 4

 x+3y=4

Solution
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 CC3=21

2C – 6 = C

  C = 6

 Hence, A (6, 0)

Equation of a line through A is y =m (x – 6)         .......(3)

  mx – y – 6m = 0

equation (3) is tangent to both, hence   |3m6m1+m2|  = 1

  9m2 = 1 + m2  m=122  or  122

  Common tangent is y =  122  (x – 6)  x2 2y = 6             

or – 22 y = x – 6 Þ x + 22  = 6.

Linked Question 2

A possible equation of L is

 x+3y=1

 x3y=1

 x+3y=5

 x3y=1

Solution

Equation of tangent at P(3 , 1)

on x2 + y2 = 4 is  3 x + y = 4                              .......(1)             

line perpendicular to equation (1)

 x3y+λ=0                                                ........(2)

Perpendicular from (3, 0) on (2) = unity

 |3+λ2|=1λ+3=±2

  λ = – 1 or λ = 5

  Equation of L is x –  3 y – 1 = 0