An external horizontal force of 6N is applied on a sphere of radius R = 10 cm of mass 1 kg and the sphere moves in a liquid with a constant velocity 5 m/s making 53º with the horizontal. The coefficient of viscosity of the liquid is 20/(6π) in S.I. units. The upthrust on the sphere is [Take g = 10 m/s2]

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The sphere moves at constant velocity, so net force is zero. Forces acting: external force F = 6N, viscous force Fv, upthrust U, weight mg = 10N, and buoyant force (already accounted in upthrust). The viscous force opposes motion and is given by Stokes' law: Fv = 6πηRv = 6π × (20/(6π)) × 0.1 × 5 = 10N. Resolve forces horizontally and vertically. Horizontal: F cos53° = Fv cosθ. Vertical: U + Fv sinθ = mg + F sin53°. Since velocity is constant at 53° to horizontal, the viscous force acts opposite to velocity, so θ = 180° + 53° = 233°, meaning Fv has components -Fv cos53° horizontally and -Fv sin53° vertically. Thus, horizontal balance: 6 cos53° = 10 cos53°? This doesn't hold, indicating the angle might be between velocity and horizontal, and viscous force is directly opposite. Actually, from horizontal balance: F cos53° = Fv cos(53°) because both components along motion direction. But Fv = 10N, F = 6N, so 6×0.6 = 10×0.6? 3.6 = 6, which is inconsistent. Wait, recalc: cos53° = 0.6, sin53° = 0.8. Horizontal: F cos53° = Fv cos53°? Actually, viscous force is exactly opposite to velocity, so its horizontal component is -Fv cos53°. For equilibrium, sum Fx = 0: F - Fv cos53° = 0? But F is horizontal, so 6 - 10×0.6 = 6 - 6 = 0. Yes, horizontal balances. Vertical: U + (-Fv sin53°) = mg, so U = mg + Fv sin53° = 10 + 10×0.8 = 10 + 8 = 18N? Not in options. Alternatively, if upthrust U includes buoyancy and perhaps other, but typically upthrust is buoyant force. Maybe vertical has F sin53° downward? External force is horizontal, so no vertical component. Weight mg down, upthrust U up, viscous force vertical component down (since opposite to velocity which has upward component). So vertical: U = mg + Fv sin53° = 10 + 8 = 18N, not in options. Perhaps I misinterpreted. Another thought: "upthrust" might be the buoyant force only. But then from vertical: U + (viscous force vertical) = mg? But viscous force is resistive, so if velocity has upward component, viscous force has downward component, so U = mg + Fv sin53° = 18N. Not in options. Perhaps the angle is with horizontal, and viscous force is opposite, but maybe the external force has to be considered. Wait, re-read: "external horizontal force", so only horizontal. Perhaps the vertical balance is U = mg - Fv sin53°? But that would be 10 - 8 = 2N. And 2N is an option. Why minus? If the sphere moves with constant velocity at 53° above horizontal, the viscous force is 53° below horizontal (opposite). So its vertical component is downward. But upthrust U is upward, weight mg downward, so for vertical equilibrium, U = mg + Fv sin53°? That gives 18N. Unless the upthrust is not the only upward force; but it is. Perhaps the constant velocity means net force zero, and the vertical components: upward: U, downward: mg + Fv sin53°. So U = mg + Fv sin53° = 10 + 8 = 18N. Not in options. Alternatively, if the sphere is moving at 53° below horizontal, then viscous force has upward vertical component. Then U + Fv sin53° = mg, so U = mg - Fv sin53° = 10 - 8 = 2N. And 2N is an option. The problem says "making 53° with the horizontal", and the image shows the velocity above horizontal, but perhaps it is below. The image: it shows an arrow from sphere pointing up-right, so above horizontal. But maybe it's conventional. Given that 2N is an option, and it works mathematically, likely the velocity is at 53° below horizontal, so viscous force has upward component. Thus, vertical balance: U + Fv sin53° = mg, so U = mg - Fv sin53° = 10 - 10×0.8 = 10 - 8 = 2N.
Final answer: 2 N