An incandescent bulb has a thin filament of tungsten that is heated to high temperature by passing an electric current. The hot filament emits black-body radiation. The filament is observed to break up at random locations after a sufficiently long time of operation due to non-uniform evaporation of tungsten from the filament. If the bulb is powered at constant voltage, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true?
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For small section of filament
R = r ℓ / A and A is decreasing due to breakup hence R is increasing with time
For total power consumption
since V is constant
hence P is inversely proportional to R and due to breakup resistance of different section of the filament increases hence total resistance increases hence total power consumption decreases.
For different section of filament has different resistance due to breakup and i2R = eA σ T4 hence temperature will be different for different section
Just before breakup in the small section of the tungsten filament
eAσT4 = i2R
and λmT = b hence the filament emits more light at higher band of frequencies before it breaks up.