Engineering
Physics
Electric Field and Charged Particle in Electric Field
Question

An oil drop has a charge –9.6 × 10–19 C and has a mass 1.6 × 10–15 gm. When allowed to fall, due to air resistance it attains a constant velocity. Then if a uniform electric field is to be applied vertically to make the oil drop ascend up with the same constant speed, which of the following are correct?

the electric field is directed downward

the intensity of the electric field is 13 × 102 N/C

the intensity of the electric field is 16 × 105 N/C

the electric field is directed upward

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Solution

An oil drop falling at constant velocity means the downward gravitational force equals the upward air resistance: mg=Fr. To make it rise at the same speed with an electric field, the net upward force must equal the same air resistance. Since the charge is negative, the electric force Fe=qE acts opposite to the field direction. For upward motion, the electric force must be upward, so the field must be directed downward. The force balance is qE+Fr=mg. Since Fr=mg, we get qE=2mg. Substituting values: E=2×1.6×10-18×109.6×10-19=13×102 N/C (mass converted to kg).

Final answer: the electric field is directed downward and the intensity of the electric field is 13 × 102 N/C.