Concept: DNA to RNA Transcription

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are nucleic acids with complementary base pairing. In transcription, a complementary RNA strand is synthesized from a DNA template strand.

Base Pairing Rules:

• DNA base Adenine (A) pairs with RNA base Uracil (U)
• DNA base Thymine (T) pairs with RNA base Adenine (A)
• DNA base Guanine (G) pairs with RNA base Cytosine (C)
• DNA base Cytosine (C) pairs with RNA base Guanine (G)

This can be summarized as:

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\mathrm{DNA}:& A& \to & \mathrm{RNA}:& U\\ \mathrm{DNA}:& T& \to & \mathrm{RNA}:& A\\ \mathrm{DNA}:& G& \to & \mathrm{RNA}:& C\\ \mathrm{DNA}:& C& \to & \mathrm{RNA}:& G\end{array}$

Step-by-Step Solution:

Given DNA sequence: CAT TAG CAT CAT GAC

Step 1: Separate into codons for clarity: CAT - TAG - CAT - CAT - GAC

Step 2: Apply base pairing rules to each base:

• C → G
• A → U
• T → A
• T → A
• A → U
• G → C
• C → G
• A → U
• T → A
• C → G
• A → U
• T → A
• C → G
• A → U
• T → A
• G → C
• A → U
• C → G

Step 3: Write the complementary RNA sequence by grouping into codons:

GUA - AUC - GUA - GUA - CUG

Final Answer: GUA AUC GUA GUA CUG

Related Topics:

• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: Describes the flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein
• Transcription: The process of copying a DNA sequence into RNA
• Translation: The process of converting RNA sequence into amino acids to form proteins
• Genetic Code: The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA sequences is converted into proteins

Key Formulae and Rules:

Base Pairing Rules (DNA to RNA):

$A⟷U,T⟷A,G⟷C,C⟷G$

DNA Replication Base Pairing (DNA to DNA):

$A⟷T,T⟷A,G⟷C,C⟷G$