A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among species. It shows how species are related through common ancestors. The key points to understand are:

1. Nodes: Represent common ancestors. Internal nodes show speciation events.

2. Branches: Represent lineages evolving through time.

3. Tips: Represent extant (living) species or taxa.

4. Clades: A group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants is a clade, and must be monophyletic.

To determine which phylogeny is correct, you must check for proper representation of relationships. For example, if two species share a more recent common ancestor, they should be closer together on the tree. The branching pattern should reflect evolutionary history without any cross-branches or invalid groupings.

Since the images are not visible here, general rules apply:

• Ensure that the tree is bifurcating (each node splits into two branches).
• Check that all clades are monophyletic (include all descendants of a common ancestor).
• Look for consistency in the branching order based on the given relationships.

Without the specific images, I cannot identify which one is correct, but you should apply these principles to evaluate each option.

Related Topics

Systematics: The study of evolutionary relationships and classification of organisms.

Cladistics: A method of classifying species into groups based on common ancestry.

Taxonomy: The science of naming, defining, and classifying organisms.

Key Formulae/Concepts

No specific formulae, but important concepts:

• Monophyly: A group including an ancestor and all descendants.
• Paraphyly: A group including an ancestor but not all descendants.
• Polyphyly: A group that does not share a common ancestor.