· A nephron is the basic filtration unit of the kidney.

· It is a cluster of thin-walled blood capillaries.

· There are different parts of the nephron in which the formation of urine take place.

· Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus are together called the glomerular apparatus.

· There are afferent and efferent arterioles that bring and carry the blood away.

· The blood is filtered by the glomerulus and enters the Bowman's capsule where the podocytes help in the filtration and the glomerular filtrate is formed.

· When the glomerular filtrate comes to the proximal tubule then the essential nutrients are reabsorbed.

· There are two limbs of the loop of Henle, ascending and descending limbs.

· The countercurrent exchange mechanism occurs which help in the regulation of the water and ions in the blood.

· When the glomerular filtrate is in the proximal tubule creatinine, uric acid is secreted in it.

· When the filtrate goes to the distal part urea, potassium ion and some hydrogen ions are secreted in it.

· The urine which is formed is transported by the collecting tubules to the renal pelvis.

· The urine is transported out by the ureters to the urinary bladder to store and excrete the urine from the urethra.