Neuron Structure and Nutrient Transport

Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. They consist of three main parts:

• Cell body (soma): Contains the nucleus and organelles, responsible for metabolic functions and producing nutrients.
• Dendrites: Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
• Axon: A long fiber that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.

Key Concept: The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron. It synthesizes proteins and other essential molecules through processes like protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and energy production in mitochondria. These nutrients are then transported to both dendrites and axons to support their functions.

Step-by-Step Analysis:

Step 1: Understand that dendrites and axons are extensions of the cell body and rely on it for sustenance.

Step 2: Recognize that nutrients flow from the cell body outward to the processes (dendrites and axon), not the reverse.

Step 3: Evaluate the options:

• "Axon receive nourishment from the dendrites" is incorrect. Dendrites receive signals, not provide nutrients.
• "Both axon & dendrites receive nourishment from the cell body of neuron" is correct. This is the established biological function.
• "Dendrite receive nourishment from axon" is incorrect. The axon is for signal output, not nutrient supply.
• "The cell body of a neuron receive nourishment from axon & dendron" is incorrect. The cell body is the source, not the recipient.

Final Answer: The correct statement is: Both axon & dendrites receive nourishment from the cell body of neuron.

Related Topics & Formulae

Neuron Function: Neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals. The flow of ions (like Na⁺, K⁺) across the membrane creates an action potential, which can be described by the Nernst equation for the equilibrium potential of an ion:

Where $E$ is the equilibrium potential, $R$ is the gas constant, $T$ is temperature, $z$ is the ion's charge, $F$ is Faraday's constant, and $\left[X\right]$ is the ion concentration.

Axonal Transport: Nutrients and organelles are moved along the axon via motor proteins (kinesin and dynein) on microtubules. This is crucial for maintaining the health of the entire neuron.