Two types of steel are characterized by the hysteresis loops shown in figure (a) and (b). The loops are obtained in the processes of magnetization and demagnetization of the steels. Which of the two types is best suited for using as the core of a transformer and which, for using as a permanent magnet ?
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Hysteresis loops show magnetic material behavior. For transformer cores, low hysteresis loss (narrow loop) is needed for efficient energy transfer. For permanent magnets, high retentivity and coercivity (wide loop) are required to maintain magnetization.
Loop (a) is narrow, indicating low energy loss: . Loop (b) is wide, showing high and high retentivity.
Thus, (a) is best for transformer core, (b) for permanent magnet.
Final answer: (a) is best suited for core of transformer & (b) is best suited for permanent magnet