Mahatma Gandhi's concept of 'Ram Raj' was a central philosophical idea in his vision for India's self-rule and governance. It was not a literal call to return to a mythological past, but rather a metaphorical framework for an ideal society based on ethical principles.

Gandhi defined 'Ram Raj' as "Sovereignty of the people based on pure moral authority". This means:

Step 1: Understanding the Core Principle
Gandhi envisioned a society where political power (sovereignty) resides with the people, not with a monarch or elite class.

Step 2: The Moral Foundation
This people's sovereignty would be guided by moral authority rather than military force or coercive power. The governance would be based on truth (Satya), non-violence (Ahimsa), and ethical conduct.

Step 3: Contrast with Other Interpretations
Unlike the option suggesting "absolute power concentrated in the hands of a king," Gandhi's Ram Raj was decentralized and people-centered. It also differed from simply meaning "the rule as it was during the time of Rama" as it was a forward-looking ethical framework rather than a historical recreation.

Final Answer: Among the given options, Gandhi's definition aligns with "Sovereignty of the people based on pure moral authority."

Related Topics

Gandhian Philosophy: This concept connects to Gandhi's broader ideas of Swaraj (self-rule), Sarvodaya (welfare of all), and his vision of a self-sufficient village republic.

Indian Freedom Movement: Gandhi used this concept to articulate what independent India should strive for - not just political freedom from British rule but moral and social transformation.

Key Formulae/Principles

While there are no mathematical equations, the conceptual formula could be expressed as:

Ram Raj = People's Sovereignty + Moral Authority + Ethical Governance

This represents the synthesis of political power with spiritual and ethical values that Gandhi believed was essential for true freedom.