Emasculation: The process of removal of stamens or anthers before they dehisce or destroy the pollen grains of a flower without affecting the female reproductive organs is called emasculation. By emasculation the female flower can be artificially pollinated by the desired pollen grains. This is a process used during artificial hybridisation.

Bagging : The emasculated flower is enclosed in a bag to avoid pollination by any unwanted pollen. This is called bagging.